Feeling fatigued occasionally is normal; everyday stresses like work, chores, and social commitments can all take a toll. Common causes of tiredness include poor sleep, an unbalanced diet, lack of exercise, stress, and major life changes, according to the NHS. However, persistent fatigue accompanied by other symptoms may signal a serious medical condition.
“Fatigue often results from lifestyle factors and can usually be improved with adequate sleep, regular physical activity, and a balanced diet,” explains Dennis Ouko, Superintendent Pharmacist at Phlo Clinic. “But if your tiredness is overwhelming or lasts for weeks despite these efforts, it’s important to consult your GP, especially if you also experience general malaise, weakness, or a dull ache in the upper right abdomen.”
One potential cause is Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis (MASLD), a condition estimated by the British Liver Trust to affect up to one in five adults in the UK. Known as a ‘silent’ disease due to its subtle early symptoms, MASLD often remains undiagnosed. Its prevalence is increasing alongside rising obesity rates.
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Dennis Ouko elaborates: “MASLD occurs when excess fat accumulates in the liver of individuals who consume little or no alcohol. It is linked to lifestyle and metabolic factors such as poor diet, sedentary habits, obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and high cholesterol.”
MASLD differs from Alcohol-related Fatty Liver Disease (AFLD), which stems from excessive alcohol consumption. Although both can cause liver inflammation, scarring, and eventually liver failure, their causes and treatments diverge significantly.
The condition is strongly associated with excess abdominal fat, explaining its rise in parallel with obesity. People with type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, or polycystic ovary syndrome are at increased risk. MASLD is more common in individuals over 50, particularly those who do not maintain a healthy diet or stay physically active.
While early MASLD symptoms are often mild or absent, there are warning signs to watch for, especially in high-risk groups. According to the NHS, early symptoms include:
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Persistent fatigue or weakness lasting several weeks and affecting daily life
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General feelings of being unwell, such as low energy or mild nausea
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A dull, aching discomfort in the upper right side of the abdomen, where the liver is situated
Less common but more serious symptoms include unexplained weight loss and loss of appetite, which warrant immediate medical attention.
Dennis Ouko advises: “Early detection of MASLD is critical. Although no specific medications currently exist, lifestyle changes can effectively manage the condition if caught early. Don’t ignore ongoing symptoms or attempt self-diagnosis. Consult your GP for appropriate testing and personalized guidance.”
He also recommends tracking any unusual symptoms, noting their onset and frequency, to help healthcare professionals identify patterns and decide on diagnostics and treatment.
Supporting liver health involves dietary improvements, such as eating balanced meals, reducing sugar and processed foods, and increasing physical activity. If symptoms persist or you have health concerns, seek medical advice promptly.