Sertraline remains the most commonly prescribed antidepressant in England, with over 24.4 million items dispensed in 2024 alone. This prescription-only medication plays a crucial role in treating depression and a range of mental health disorders such as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), panic disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and social anxiety disorder.
The drug works by increasing serotonin levels in the brain—a neurotransmitter that helps regulate mood and promotes feelings of calm and well-being.
Like most medications, sertraline can cause side effects, although many are mild and tend to diminish as the body adjusts. The NHS advises, “Most side effects should ease after a couple of weeks as your body gets used to the medicine, but some can last longer.” Common side effects include dizziness, drowsiness, and digestive issues. Patients are cautioned: if you experience dizziness or sleepiness, avoid driving, cycling, or operating machinery until these symptoms subside.
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However, sertraline can also trigger serious side effects that require urgent medical attention. One such rare but potentially life-threatening condition is serotonin syndrome. This occurs when there is an excessive buildup of serotonin in the body, often caused by interactions between medications or dosage changes.
The NHS warns that if you experience any of the following symptoms—rapid heartbeat, sweating, muscle shaking or twitching, confusion, or agitation—you should contact NHS 111 immediately.
Serotonin syndrome symptoms can range from mild signs such as shivering and diarrhea to severe issues including muscle rigidity, high fever, seizures, and, if untreated, even death.
This condition is most commonly triggered when sertraline is combined with other drugs that raise serotonin levels, such as certain migraine medications. Illegal substances and some dietary supplements may also contribute to the risk.
The NHS further advises against mixing sertraline with St John’s wort, grapefruit juice, and alcohol, as these can interfere with the medication’s effectiveness or increase side effect risks.
If you start a new medication or increase your sertraline dose, it’s important to stay vigilant for any unusual symptoms and seek medical advice promptly if concerned.