Sertraline is one of the most commonly prescribed antidepressants in England, with over 24.4 million prescriptions dispensed in 2024 alone. This medication is primarily used to treat depression but is also effective for managing obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), panic disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and social anxiety disorder.
Sertraline works by increasing serotonin levels in the brain, a neurotransmitter that helps regulate mood and promote feelings of calmness and well-being. While many patients tolerate the medication well, some experience side effects—most of which are mild and tend to subside within a few weeks as the body adjusts.
The NHS emphasizes that not all patients will experience side effects, but it is important to be aware of them. Common side effects include dizziness and drowsiness. The NHS advises against driving, riding a bike, or operating machinery if these symptoms occur until they resolve.
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However, there are rare but serious side effects that require immediate medical attention. A major concern is serotonin syndrome, a potentially life-threatening condition caused by excessive serotonin levels. Symptoms of serotonin syndrome include a rapid heartbeat, sweating, shaking, muscle twitching, and feelings of confusion or agitation. If these signs appear, it is crucial to call NHS 111 promptly.
Serotonin syndrome can result from increasing sertraline dosage too quickly or combining sertraline with other medications or substances that raise serotonin levels, including certain migraine treatments, some illegal drugs, and dietary supplements. Milder cases may improve after stopping the offending medications, but severe symptoms can escalate quickly and pose serious health risks.
The NHS also warns that some medicines and supplements should not be combined with sertraline. Notably, the herbal remedy St John’s wort and grapefruit juice should be avoided, as they can interfere with the drug’s effectiveness or increase side effect risks. Additionally, alcohol consumption should be minimized or avoided while taking sertraline, as it can reduce the medication’s efficacy.
Being informed about both common and serious side effects helps ensure safe use of sertraline. If you have concerns or experience any unusual symptoms, contacting healthcare professionals promptly is essential for proper care.