The NHS is urging Britons to “call 111” if they notice a distinctive bullseye-shaped rash on their skin, a potential early indicator of Lyme disease. This illness, predominantly transmitted through tick bites, has seen over 1,000 confirmed cases reported in England in 2025.
Ticks are tiny, spider-like parasites that thrive in long grass and wooded areas. They latch onto animals and humans alike when they brush against vegetation. The rising deer population has contributed to an increase in tick numbers across the UK, raising the risk of disease transmission.
While feeding, ticks can transmit various infections and viruses, with Lyme disease being the most common. Early diagnosis and treatment with antibiotics are crucial to prevent serious health complications.
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The NHS emphasizes the importance of seeking medical advice promptly upon spotting symptoms. An early sign of Lyme disease is a circular or oval rash around a tick bite, often appearing within one to four weeks but sometimes up to three months after the bite. This rash can last for several weeks and may look like a bullseye or dartboard pattern.
On white skin, the rash usually appears pink, red, or purple and can be flat or slightly raised. On brown or black skin, it may resemble a bruise, making it harder to detect.
Additional Lyme disease symptoms include fever, fatigue, headaches, and muscle or joint pain. The NHS recommends an urgent GP appointment or contacting NHS 111 if you have been bitten by a tick or visited areas where ticks may be present within the last three months and start experiencing symptoms.
Data from the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra), and the Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA) reveals that 1,168 laboratory-confirmed acute cases of Lyme disease were reported in England in 2025. This marks an increase from 959 cases in 2024 and aligns closely with 2023 figures.
Although tick numbers fluctuate annually due to weather, climate changes, habitat shifts, and host animal populations, Lyme disease cases tend to peak in late summer, consistent with tick activity patterns.
The UKHSA stresses the importance of taking precautions to avoid tick bites, such as wearing appropriate clothing and using repellents. If bitten, removing the tick promptly using fine-tipped tweezers or a dedicated tick removal device is essential for reducing infection risk.
The report also notes two probable cases of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) identified in 2025, underscoring the need for vigilance.
Lyme disease is caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi, carried by about 10% of ticks in the UK. Early antibiotic treatment is vital as delayed diagnosis can result in severe complications affecting the joints, heart, and nervous system.
To minimize tick bites, the NHS advises:
- Wearing long sleeves and trousers when walking in tick-prone areas
- Using insect repellent on exposed skin and clothing
- Checking the body thoroughly for ticks after outdoor activities
- Prompt removal of ticks with proper tools
Immediate medical consultation is recommended for anyone who suspects Lyme disease to ensure timely treatment and prevent serious health issues.