A significant legislative update for dog owners in the UK is set to come into effect on November 1, introducing additional safety measures concerning certain prohibited dog breeds. Currently, UK law bans ownership, sale, breeding, and abandonment of specific breeds, including the Pit Bull Terrier, Japanese Tosa, Dogo Argentino, Fila Brasileiro, and XL Bully. Nevertheless, some owners may legally retain these breeds if they hold a valid Certificate of Exemption.
There are over 50,000 Certificates of Exemption across the UK, predominantly for XL Bullies following their ban in February 2024. XL Bullies are described as large, powerful dogs with muscular bodies and blocky heads, recognised for their strength. The prohibition was instituted after a series of fatal attacks involving XL Bullies, including tragic incidents resulting in child fatalities.
Certificate holders face strict lifelong conditions, including the duty to notify the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) of any change of address, the dog’s death, or export. Dogs must be muzzled in all public spaces and kept on a lead, held firmly by an individual aged at least 16. Additionally, these dogs must reside at the certificate holder’s address, with any alternative accommodation permitted for no more than 30 days per year. Secure housing to prevent escape is mandatory.
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The new legal change, effective from November 1, makes it an offence to leave a child under 12 years old unsupervised in close proximity to an XL Bully or any other banned breed within private settings such as a home or garden. The Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA) advises against leaving children unattended with any dog, regardless of whether they are familiar or have never shown aggression.
Children under 12 are particularly vulnerable to dog-related injuries at home, often involving familiar animals. Their behaviour - such as close proximity to dogs, sudden movements, and loud noises - can be unsettling for some dogs.
Government guidance highlights that dogs may act unpredictably when stressed, unwell, overwhelmed, or unable to distance themselves from children. Adults are urged to monitor interactions carefully and to intervene by separating child and dog when necessary, ensuring the safety and well-being of both.